Server virtualization systems: types and differences
There are two main types of server virtualization systems:
1. Hypervisors:
- 1st level hypervisor (Bare-metal hypervisor): Installed directly on the server hardware, distributing its resources to several virtual machines. Provides high performance and isolation, but requires special knowledge to manage. Examples: VMware ESXi, KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine), Microsoft Hyper-V.
- 2nd level hypervisor (Hosted hypervisor): Works as a regular application on top of the server's operating system. Easy to install and use, but may have lower performance and isolation. Examples: VirtualBox, VMware Workstation Player, Oracle VM VirtualBox.
2. Containers:
- Lightweight virtual machines: Share server operating system resources but do not emulate hardware. They provide fast startup and high virtualization density, but are less isolated than virtual machines. Examples: Docker, LXC, Podman.
Choosing a virtualization system depends on your needs:
- For mission-critical applications that require high performance and isolation, a Tier 1 hypervisor is recommended.
- For web applications, microservices and DevOps, where speed and density of virtualization are important, containers are suitable.
- Level 2 hypervisors are a universal option suitable for home use and small offices.
- In addition to these two main types, there are other virtualization options, such as paravirtualization and HVM (Hardware Virtual Machine).
It is important to carefully study all available options and choose the virtualization system that best suits your needs.
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